World War I - Hospital Ships
Hospital ships were generally painted white with a
green line running along the sides & red crosses on sides & occaisionally
funnels.
Between 1915 & 1919 hospital ships accounted for
494 visits to Malta.
I started off trying to identify a couple
of photos & got carried away.. This
is the result.
Hospital ship on left. |
This is a scan of a postcard in circulation
around 1914 showing a hospital ship berthed near Lascaris Bastion.
I have seen one of these postcards dated October 1914 written in French with
no stamp which would suggest it being written by a soldier/serviceman.
I had some old photos sent of hospital ships which
I started to try & identify. During this research I started to get interested
in Malta's work during WWI.
The ships below either visited Malta with wounded from Gallipoli & Salonika
or were sunk near by.
During the Crimean War & WW1 Malta was used as a place to evacuate wounded.
From Gallipoli 2500 officers & 55,400 troops were taken to Malta.
The photos above came to me without any information & were probably pre-WWII.
Photographs are hard to find but e-Bay generally has some available.
Some 50,000 casualties were transported to Malta, Gibraltar & the UK.
In Malta some 20,040 beds were eventually available. Some 2,550 officers and
55,400 other ranks treated the wounded.
List of Hospital Ships known to have been
in the Mediterranean during WWI
Three types of hospital ships were used -
The large liners Aquetania, Mauretania
& Brittanic were used as hopital ships
towards the end of the war.
Properly painted white ships with large red crosses
& sometimes green bands along the sides.
So called 'Black Ships' which were normal coloured or non white painted ships
also used to carry troops. Used mainly at night.
These were 'fair game' for U boats as they were not painted as hospital ships.
It was common practice to send troops to Gallipoli in normal ships & return them to various ports as hospital ships.
Destinations wounded were taken to.
Lemnos, Imbros, Egypt, Malta, Salonika, Alexandria, Gibraltar, UK.
Aquitania
|
Large converted passenger liner. This was the largest of the liners used with a capacity of some 4,182 beds. Due to her size this ship would carry troops directly to England. |
Berbice
|
Taken in 1915 & thought to be on the Gallipoli run. |
Braemar Castle
|
Originally sailed as a troopship for Gallipoli with 1041 passengers 6th February 1915. Later converted to a hospital ship where on 23rd November 1916 she struck a mine en route from Salonika to Malta with wounded. She was towed originally to Malta before being taked to await repairs at Spezia. She was later used as a hospital base at Murmansk & later scrapped in 1924. |
Brittanic
|
Large converted passenger liner. |
Delta
|
Used to transport wounded
from the Dardanelles. Repatriated troops to Australia. Known to have been at Cape Helles a few days after the first landings. Later scrapped in 1929. |
Devanah
|
|
Dongola
|
Began as a troopship but was converted to a hospital ship to take wounded from the Dardanelles. |
Dover Castle
|
Torpedoed in the Mediterranean 1917. |
Dunluce Castle - Australian
|
Started off as a troopship but
converted to a hospital ship. |
Formosa
|
|
France (SS)
|
Large 4 funnel ocean going liner converted into a hospital ship.The 3rd funnel from the bows was painted with a red cross. |
Galeka
|
Single funnel. Started off as a troopship & later converted to a hospital ship. Struck a mine on 28th October 1916 whilst entering Le Havre & beached. |
Gascon
|
|
Gloucester Castle
|
Sunk by German raider 1942 off the Ascension Islands with the loss of 93 lives. |
Goorkha
|
Hit a mine off Malta 10th October 1917 & was towed into Grand Harbour without any casualties. Some 362 survivors including 17 nursing sisters. |
Grantala - Australian
Navy
|
|
Grantully Castle | |
Guildford Castle
|
Beached after a collision in 1933 at Elbe & written off. |
Karanowna (Australian)
|
|
Karoola- HMAT (Australian)
|
|
Letitia
|
|
Maine (3)
|
Originally named SS
Panama when launched in 1902. Although not converted to a
hospital ship until 1920 (conversion completed 1922) I am listing the
ship here. This ship was based in Malta for a time & used to berth
off Senglea Point. |
Maheno (New Zealand)
|
http://ahoy.tk-jk.net/macslog/NewZealandHospitalshipMah.html |
Marama
|
|
Mauretania
|
Large converted passenger liner. |
Neuralia
|
Was close enough to witness the SS.Southland sink on the 2nd September 1915. |
Rewa
|
Torpedoed 4th January 1918 in the Bristol Channel by U 55. Two crewmen died but all 279 cot cases survived. These were picked up on Greece via Malta. |
Sicilia
|
|
Simla
|
Used as a hospital ship & troop
carrier on the Indian route during the Boer War & WWI. Torpedoed off
Malta 2nd April 1916 by U 39 with the loss of 10 crew. See link for ships list. |
Somali - Royal Navy
|
|
Souden - Royal Navy | Ariived in Malta 1915 |
Valdivia | |
Vinh Long
|
French ship, single funnel with 3 masts. |
Links
http://www.pcansr.net/ships.htm
- Army nursing during the Boer War.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hospital_ships_sunk_in_World_War_I
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World War II - Hospital Ships
List of Hospital Ships known to have been in the Mediterranean during WWII
Amra
|
Evacuated wounded from the Sicily & Salerno landings. |
Leinster
|
The Leinster was used as a hospital ship in evacuating wounded after the Anzio landings. |
Maine (4)
|
See also Maine
(3) under WWI. The 4th ship to bear the name of Maine was built in 1925 & named Leonardo da Vinci. Captured in Massawa in 1941 & later converted to a hospital ship for the army. She was renamed Empire Clyde. In 1948 she entered the Royal Fleet Auxilliary (RFA) & renamed Maine. Scrapped in 1954. |
Newfoundland
|
Dive bombed 20 miles off the coast of Salerno 12th September 1943 & later on the 13th. The ship was damaged beyond hope of salvage & was sunk by the US warship USS Plunkett. Needs more research... |
SS.Captain Hobson
|
Took part in Operation Torch & the Salerno landings where she was attacked by aircraft. Returned to the Clyde for a refit & returned to the Mediterranean in January 1944. |
St.Andrew
|
This was the 2nd hospital ship to bear this name. A predecessor of the same name was in service in WWI but this served to ferry wounded from France to the UK. This ship was renamed Fishguard in 1930 to enable the new ship to carry on the name. |
St.David
|
Deliberately sunk by enemy planes
on 24th January, 1944 whilst returning from Anzio with wounded. Not sure
if this was Malta bound. See link for photo - http://ahoy.tk-jk.net/Letters/HospitalshipStDavidsunkon.html |